Be honest with me with this be your ex. You jumped about your ex you exploit friend. Can we have a look? Oh Oh Oh yeah.
Yeah yeah and and and there there there is is is. And and and that's that's. With Cassandra's Dream, you tell your spectator that you can tell them something that they have dreamed about in the past and you can also tell them something that they are gonna Dream about in the near future. You can do this just by touching the side of the face or just tap in their shoulder. I had a story once about a woman who could borrow somebody's pillow, take home and sleep on it for one night and then bring it back to you The next day and tell you everything you dreamed about it really really weird.
The latest Tweets from Penguin Magic (@penguinmagic). Born to Perform. California, Vegas, Ann Arbor. Get ready to take care of the most popular penguin restaurant in town. Seat the penguins, take their orders, and serve their meals. Don't forget to collect the money when they leave. Keep them happy and they will pay more, just as in a real restaurant. Have fun with Penguin Diner, a classic flash game, or try its sequel Penguin Diner 2!
I've tried to teach teach myself myself a a similar similar similar way way way of of of doing doing doing this. This, obviously obviously obviously without without without a a a pillow pillow. I I can can do do this this just just. Tapping you on the shoulder.
Just bikes happening on the show, I'm gonna try and tell you something you've dreamed about and something you're gonna Dream about in the near future. This fits in your wallet. It just takes some pieces of paper or some bullets. You can do this anywhere. This works in a bar Restaurant Park.
You could even do this on stage for as many people as you want because this is all about the presentation and the performance with this effect, there are no gimmicks involved. You can do this without any slight of hand. All it takes is some pieces pieces of of paper paper and and a a a pen, pen pen, and and and you're you're you're ready ready ready to to to go.
Go Also Also in in this this routine routine. Very, very nice, very simple way of being able to predict which side your spectator sleeps on toss and turn quite a bit. But when you get settled you sleep on this side, you do. Now, I know it doesn't quite a bit, but I get a feeling you sleep more on this side. I'm right here. So so what I'm gonna do.
I'm gonna tap you on the shoulder. That's all I need to do to get the information you're ready. What makes this routine so good is that it involves something that is really really personal to your spectators. This is something they may not have even told to anybody and it lives right inside the head and for you to be able to tap into that and get this information, it can be a really really moving thing to see as soon as I did this. I got a sense that you're dreaming that you're you're in a place that you're very familiar with this is about a place and I get a feeling something is doing this. Oh, it's music this music.
There's 12 people one person in particular in this Dream. Maybe you've lost your phone. I know you have.
It's worse than that you forgot you forgot your clothes in this place. Be honest with me. Would it be your ex you dreamed about your ex you exploit friend. Can we have a look? Oh yeah and there is Fest. Can I have a look. Very quick, very, very easy to do and this is one on one direct mind reading and I did tell you I was gonna tell you something that you're gonna Dream about.
So what I want you to do. I mean you can read this now if you want or you can keep this folded up. Don't look at it. Wait until you get home and you're all settled in you in bed and just before you go to sleep have a read.
I've told you something you're gonna Dream about it may not be tonight might be tomorrow but have a look tonight, something you're gonna Dream about and also what's gonna happen after you've had this Dream so. It's gonna tell you what to look out for and what's gonna happen afterwards and there you go. Thank you very much.
That's amazing. I am Lewis Val and this is Cassandra's Dream.
( Pygoscelis antarctica)Kingdom:Phylum:Class:Order:, 1891Family:, 1831ModernFor prehistoric genera, seeRange of penguins, all species (aqua)Penguins ( Sphenisciformes, Spheniscidae) are a group of flightless. They live almost exclusively in the, with only one species, the, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have dark and white and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on, and other forms of which they catch while swimming underwater.
They spend roughly half of their lives on land and the other half in the sea.Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far south. Several species are found in the zone, but one species, the, lives near the equator.The largest living species is the ( Aptenodytes forsteri): on average, adults are about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (77 lb). The smallest penguin species is the ( Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around 33 cm (13 in) tall and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb). Among extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate or even tropical climates.
Some species attained enormous sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These were not restricted to Antarctic regions; on the contrary, regions harboured high diversity, and at least one giant penguin occurred in a region around 2,000 km south of the 35, in a climate decidedly warmer than today. A group of ( Aptenodytes forsteri) in Antarctica.The word penguin first appears in the 16th century as a synonym for. When European explorers discovered what are today known as penguins in the Southern Hemisphere, they noticed their to the great auk of the, and named them after this bird, although they are not closely related.The etymology of the word penguin is still debated.
The English word is not apparently of, or origin (the latter two are attributed to the French word pingouin '), but first appears in English or Dutch.Some dictionaries suggest a derivation from pen, 'head' and gwyn, 'white', including the, the, the and, on the basis that the name was originally applied to the, either because it was found on (: Pen Gwyn) in Newfoundland, or because it had white circles around its eyes (though the head was black).An alternative etymology links the word to pinguis, which means 'fat' or 'oil'. Support for this etymology can be found in the alternative Germanic word for penguin, Fettgans or 'fat-goose', and the related Dutch word vetgans.Adult male penguins are called cocks, females hens; a group of penguins on land is a waddle, and a similar group in the water is a raft.Pinguinus. Main article:Since 1871, the Latin word Pinguinus has been used in to name the genus of the ( Pinguinus impennis, meaning 'penguin without '), which became in the mid-19th century. As confirmed by a 2004 genetic study, the genus Pinguinus belongs in the family of the (Alcidae), within the order of the.The birds currently known as penguins were discovered later and were so named by sailors because of their physical resemblance to the great auk. Despite this resemblance, however, they are not auks and they are not closely related to the great auk. They do not belong in the genus Pinguinus, and are not classified in the same family and order as the great auks. They were classified in 1831 by in several distinct genera within the family and order.Systematics and evolution Living species and recent extinctions.
Two and one on a beach on, British overseas territoryThe number of extant penguin is debated. Depending on which authority is followed, penguin varies between 17 and 20 living species, all in the Spheniscinae.
Some sources consider the a separate species, while others treat it as a subspecies of the; the actual situation seems to be more complicated. Similarly, it is still unclear whether the is merely a colour morph of the.
The status of the is also unclear.Updated after Marples (1962), Acosta Hospitaleche (2004), and Ksepka et al. A reconstruction of the ancient penguin. Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Middle-Late Paleocene). Mayr, 2017.
Wiman 1905 (Middle/Late Eocene? – Early Oligocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica). Myrcha et al.
2002 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica).
Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica). Clarke et al. 2007 (Middle Eocene of Atacama Desert, Peru). Wiman 1905 (Middle Eocene? – Early Oligocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica).
Huxley 1859 (Middle/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene). Clarke et al. 2007 (Late Eocene of Atacama Desert, Peru). Oliver 1930 (Late Eocene). Clarke et al.
2010 (Late Eocene of South America). Ksepka et al. 2012 (Late Oligocene of E South Island, New Zealand). Ameghino 1891 (Early – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene).
Marples 1952 (Middle/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene). Marples 1953 (Late Oligocene of Otago, New Zealand). Marples 1952 (Late Oligocene of New Zealand). Simpson 1979 (Early Pliocene of South Africa) – possibly Spheniscinae. Simpson 1972 (Early Pliocene). Subfamily (slender-footed penguins).
Olson 1986 (Patagonia Early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina). Moreno & Mercerat 1891 (Early? – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) – includes Chubutodyptes. Subfamily. Spheniscidae gen.
CADIC P 21 (Leticia Middle Eocene of Punta Torcida, Argentina). Spheniscidae gen. (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Hakataramea, New Zealand). (Puerto Madryn Late Miocene of Argentina)The genus was formerly thought to belong to Spheniscidae, however reexamination of the holotype in 1943 resulted in the genus being placed in. Further examination in 1980 resulted in placement as Aves incertae sedis. TaxonomySome recent sources apply the Spheniscidae to what here is referred to as Spheniscinae. Furthermore, they restrict the phylogenetic taxon Sphenisciformes to flightless taxa, and establish the phylogenetic taxon Pansphenisciformes as equivalent to the Sphenisciformes, i.e., including any flying basal 'proto-penguins' to be discovered eventually.
Given that neither the relationships of the penguin subfamilies to each other nor the placement of the penguins in the avian is presently resolved, this is confusing, so the established Linnean system is followed here.Evolution. Penguin tracks in the sand on,The history of penguins is well-researched and represents a showcase of evolutionary. Although penguin bones of any one species vary much in size and few good specimens are known, the of many prehistoric forms still leaves much to be desired. Some seminal articles about penguin prehistory have been published since 2005; the evolution of the living genera can be considered resolved by now.The penguins lived around the time of the somewhere in the general area of (southern) New Zealand and, Antarctica. Due to, these areas were at that time less than 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) apart rather than the 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) of today. The of penguins and their can be roughly dated to the – boundary, around 70–68 mya.What can be said as certainly as possible in the absence of direct (i.e., fossil) evidence is that, by the end of the, the penguin lineage must have been evolutionarily well distinct, though much less so; it is fairly likely that they were not yet entirely flightless at that time, as flightless birds have generally low resilience to the breakdown of that follows the initial phase of mass extinctions because of their below-average dispersal capabilities ( see also ).
Basal fossilsThe oldest known penguin species is Waimanu manneringi, which lived in the early epoch of New Zealand, or about 62. While they were not as well-adapted to aquatic life as modern penguins, were generally -like birds but already flightless, with short wings adapted for deep diving. They swam on the surface using mainly their feet, but the wings were – as opposed to most other diving birds (both living and extinct) – already adapting to underwater locomotion.Perudyptes from northern Peru was dated to 42 mya. An unnamed fossil from proves that, by the (Middle ), some 39–38 mya, primitive penguins had spread to and were in the process of expanding into waters. PalaeeudyptinesDuring the Late Eocene and the Early (40–30 mya), some lineages of gigantic penguins existed.
Was the tallest, growing nearly 1.80 meters (5.9 feet) tall. The was probably the heaviest, weighing 80 kg or more.
Both were found on New Zealand, the former also in the Antarctic farther eastwards.Traditionally, most extinct species of penguins, giant or small, had been placed in the called. More recently, with new taxa being discovered and placed in the if possible, it is becoming accepted that there were at least two major extinct lineages. One or two closely related ones occurred in, and at least one other—which is or includes the paleeudyptines as recognized today – occurred on most and coasts.But size plasticity seems to have been great at this initial stage of penguin: on, Antarctica, for example, around 10 known species of penguins ranging in size from medium to huge apparently coexisted some 35 mya during the (Late Eocene). It is not even known whether the gigantic palaeeudyptines constitute a lineage, or whether gigantism was evolved independently in a much restricted Palaeeudyptinae and the Anthropornithinae – whether they were considered valid, or whether there was a wide size range present in the Palaeeudyptinae as delimited as usually done these days (i.e., including ).
The oldest well-described giant penguin, the 5-foot (1.5 m)-tall, actually occurred as far north as northern about 36 mya.In any case, the gigantic penguins had disappeared by the end of the, around 25 mya. Their decline and disappearance coincided with the spread of the Squalodontoidea and other primitive, fish-eating, which certainly competed with them for food, and were ultimately more successful. A new lineage, the, which includes smaller but decidedly stout-legged forms, had already arisen in southernmost South America by that time. The early saw the emergence of yet another morphotype in the same area, the similarly sized but more gracile, as well as the radiation that gave rise to the penguin of our time.Origin and systematics of modern penguinsModern penguins constitute two undisputed and another two more basal genera with more ambiguous relationships.
To help resolve the evolution of this, 19 high-coverage genomes that, together with 2 previously published genomes, encompass all extant penguin species have been sequenced. The origin of the Spheniscinae lies probably in the latest Paleogene, and geographically it must have been much the same as the general area in which the order evolved: the oceans between the Australia-New Zealand region and the Antarctic. Presumably diverging from other penguins around 40 mya, it seems that the Spheniscinae were for quite some time limited to their ancestral area, as the well-researched deposits of the and have not yielded Paleogene fossils of the subfamily. Also, the earliest spheniscine lineages are those with the most southern distribution.The genus appears to be the basalmost divergence among living penguins they have bright yellow-orange neck, breast, and bill patches; incubate by placing their eggs on their feet, and when they hatch the chicks are almost naked. This genus has a distribution centred on the Antarctic coasts and barely extends to some Subantarctic islands today.contains species with a fairly simple black-and-white head pattern; their distribution is intermediate, centred on Antarctic coasts but extending somewhat northwards from there.
In external, these apparently still resemble the common ancestor of the Spheniscinae, as Aptenodytes ' are in most cases fairly pronounced related to that genus' extreme conditions. As the former genus, Pygoscelis seems to have diverged during the Bartonian, but the range expansion and radiation that led to the present-day diversity probably did not occur until much later; around the stage of the Early, roughly 20–15 mya.The and contain species with a mostly Subantarctic distribution centred on; some, however, range quite far northwards. They all lack colouration and the former genus has a conspicuous banded head pattern; they are unique among living penguins by nesting in burrows. This group probably radiated eastwards with the out of the ancestral range of modern penguins throughout the (Late Oligocene), starting approximately 28 mya. While the two genera separated during this time, the present-day diversity is the result of a radiation, taking place some 4–2 mya.The Megadyptes– Eudyptes clade occurs at similar (though not as far north as the ), has its highest diversity in the New Zealand region, and represents a westward dispersal.
They are characterized by hairy yellow ornamental head feathers; their bills are at least partly red. These two genera diverged apparently in the Middle Miocene (, roughly 15–14 mya), but again, the living species of Eudyptes are the product of a later radiation, stretching from about the late (Late Miocene, 8 mya) to the end of the Pliocene. GeographyThe geographical and temporal pattern or spheniscine evolution corresponds closely to two episodes of documented in the. The emergence of the Subantarctic lineage at the end of the Bartonian corresponds with the onset of the slow period of cooling that eventually led to the some 35 million years later. With habitat on the Antarctic coasts declining, by the Priabonian more hospitable conditions for most penguins existed in the Subantarctic regions rather than in Antarctica itself. Notably, the cold Antarctic Circumpolar Current also started as a continuous circumpolar flow only around 30 mya, on the one hand forcing the Antarctic cooling, and on the other facilitating the eastward expansion of to South America and eventually beyond.
Despite this, there is no fossil evidence to support the idea of crown radiation from the Antarctic continent in the Paleogene, although DNA study favors such a radiation.Later, an interspersed period of slight warming was ended by the, a sharp drop in global average temperature from 14–12 mya, and similar abrupt cooling events followed at 8 mya and 4 mya; by the end of the Tortonian, the was already much like today in volume and extent. The emergence of most of today's Subantarctic penguin species almost certainly was caused by this sequence of Neogene climate shifts.Relationship to other bird ordersPenguin ancestry beyond remains unknown and not well-resolved by molecular or morphological analyses. The latter tend to be confounded by the strong adaptive of the Sphenisciformes; a sometimes perceived fairly close relationship between penguins and is almost certainly an error based on both groups' strong diving adaptations, which are. On the other hand, different datasets do not agree in detail with each other either. Humboldt penguins in an aquarium. The penguin is an accomplished swimmer, having instead of wings.What seems clear is that penguins belong to a clade of (living birds except and ) that comprises what is sometimes called ' to distinguish them from the more ancient. This group contains such birds as, and the, with the possible exception of the.Inside this group, penguin relationships are far less clear.
Depending on the analysis and dataset, a close relationship to or to has been suggested. Taxidermized penguin skinPenguins are superbly adapted to life. Their have evolved to become flippers, useless for flight in the air.
In the water, however, penguins are astonishingly agile. Penguins' swimming looks very similar to bird's flight in the air. Within the smooth a layer of air is preserved, ensuring buoyancy. The air layer also helps insulate the birds in cold waters.
On land, penguins use their and wings to maintain balance for their upright stance.All penguins are for – that is, they have black backs and with white fronts. A predator looking up from below (such as an or a ) has difficulty distinguishing between a white penguin belly and the reflective water surface. The dark plumage on their backs camouflages them from above.Diving penguins reach 6 to 12 km/h (3.7 to 7.5 mph), though there are reports of velocities of 27 km/h (17 mph) (which are more realistic in the case of startled flight). The small penguins do not usually dive deep; they catch their prey near the surface in dives that normally last only one or two minutes. Larger penguins can dive deep in case of need. Dives of the large emperor penguin have been recorded reaching a depth of 565 m (1,854 ft) for up to 22 minutes. Penguins either waddle on their feet or slide on their bellies across the snow while using their feet to propel and steer themselves, a movement called 'tobogganing', which conserves energy while moving quickly.
They also jump with both feet together if they want to move more quickly or cross steep or rocky terrain.Penguins have an average sense of for birds; this is used by parents and chicks to locate one another in crowded. Their eyes are adapted for underwater vision, and are their primary means of locating prey and avoiding predators; in air it has been suggested that they are, although research has not supported this hypothesis. Swimming underwater at Nagasaki Penguin Aquarium.Penguins have a thick layer of insulating feathers that keeps them warm in water (heat loss in water is much greater than in air). The has a maximum feather density of about nine feathers per square centimeter which is actually much lower than other birds that live in antarctic environments. However, they have been identified as having at least four different types of feather: in addition to the traditional feather, the emperor has,. See also:Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as. In fact, only a few species of penguin actually live so far south.
Several species live in the zone; one, the, lives as far north as the, but this is only made possible by the cold, rich waters of the Antarctic that flows around these islands. Also, though the climate of the Arctic and Antarctic regions is similar, there are no penguins found in the Arctic.Several authors have suggested that penguins are a good example of where larger bodied populations live at higher latitudes than smaller bodied populations. There is some disagreement about this, and several other authors have noted that there are fossil penguin species that contradict this hypothesis and that ocean currents and upwellings are likely to have had a greater effect on species diversity than latitude alone.Major populations of penguins are found in,. Satellite images and photos released in 2018 show the population of two million in 's remote has collapsed, with barely 200,000 remaining, according to a study published in Antarctic Science. Gentoo watching over a sleeping chick atPenguins for the most part breed in large colonies, the exceptions being the yellow-eyed and Fiordland species; these colonies may range in size from as few as a 100 pairs for gentoo penguins, to several hundred thousand in the case of king, macaroni and chinstrap penguins. Living in colonies results in a high level of social interaction between birds, which has led to a large repertoire of visual as well as vocal displays in all penguin species. Agonistic displays are those intended to confront or drive off, or alternately appease and avoid conflict with, other individuals.Penguins form monogamous pairs for a breeding season, though the rate the same pair recouples varies drastically.
Most penguins lay two eggs in a clutch, although the two largest species, the emperor and the, lay only one. With the exception of the emperor penguin, where the male does it all, all penguins share the duties. These incubation shifts can last days and even weeks as one member of the pair feeds at sea.Penguins generally only lay one brood; the exception is the little penguin, which can raise two or three broods in a season.Penguin eggs are smaller than any other bird species when compared proportionally to the weight of the parent birds; at 52 g (2 oz), the little penguin egg is 4.7% of its mothers' weight, and the 450 g (1 lb) emperor penguin egg is 2.3%. The relatively thick shell forms between 10 and 16% of the weight of a penguin egg, presumably to reduce the effects of dehydration and to minimize the risk of breakage in an adverse nesting environment. The yolk, too, is large, and comprises 22–31% of the egg.
Some yolk often remains when a chick is born, and is thought to help sustain the chick if the parents are delayed in returning with food.When emperor penguin mothers lose a chick, they sometimes attempt to 'steal' another mother's chick, usually unsuccessfully as other females in the vicinity assist the defending mother in keeping her chick. In some species, such as king and emperor penguins, the chicks assemble in large groups called.Penguins and humans. An encounters a human during Antarctic summer.Penguins have no special fear of humans, and will often approach groups of people. This is probably because penguins have no land predators in or the nearby offshore islands.
Preyed upon penguins while they were allowed in Antarctica during the age of early human exploration as, but dogs have long since been banned from Antarctica. Instead, adult penguins are at risk at sea from predators such as,. Typically, penguins do not approach closer than around 9 feet (3 meters), at which point they appear to become nervous. In June 2011, an Emperor penguin came ashore on New Zealand's Peka Peka Beach, 3200 km off course on its journey to Antarctica. Nicknamed Happy Feet, after the of the same name, it was suffering from heat exhaustion and had to undergo a number of operations to remove objects like driftwood and sand from its stomach. Happy Feet was a media sensation, with extensive coverage on TV and the web, including a live stream that had thousands of views and a visit from English actor.
Once he had recovered, Happy Feet was released back into the water south of New Zealand. In popular culture. The mascotPenguins are widely considered endearing for their unusually upright, waddling gait, swimming ability and (compared to other birds) lack of fear of humans. Their black-and-white plumage is often likened to a suit. Some artists and writers have penguins based at the, but there are no wild penguins in the. The cartoon series helped perpetuate this myth, as the title penguin would interact with Arctic or species, such as polar bears and walruses.Penguins have been the subject of many books and films, such as, and, all films;, a documentary based on the process of the; and a parody titled.
Is a children's book written by Richard and Florence Atwater; it was named a in 1939. Penguins have also appeared in a number of cartoons and television dramas, including, created by in 1986 and covering more than 100 short episodes. At the end of 2009, put it on its end-of-the-decade, 'best-of' list, saying, 'Whether they were walking ( March of the Penguins), dancing ( Happy Feet), or hanging ten ( Surf's Up), these oddly adorable birds took flight at the box office all decade long.'
A video game called was released by in 1982. Set in Antarctica, the player controls a penguin character who must navigate mazes of ice cubes. The player is rewarded with cut-scenes of animated penguins marching, dancing, saluting and playing. Several remakes and enhanced editions have followed, most recently in 2012. Penguins are also sometimes depicted in music.In 1941, introduced the avian-themed character of as a adversary of the ( Detective Comics #58).
He became one of the most enduring enemies in Batman's rogue's gallery. In the 60s TV series, as played by, he was one of the most popular characters, and in 's reimagining of the character in the 1992 film, he employed an actual army of penguins (mostly ).Several pro, minor, college and high school sport teams in the have named themselves after the species, including the team in the and the in.Penguins featured regularly in the cartoons of UK cartoonist in his strip in newspaper, particularly during and following the., from the cartoons of, is also described as hailing from the Falklands.
Opus was a comical, 'existentialist' penguin character in the cartoons,. He was also the star in the Christmas show.In the mid-2000s, penguins became one of the most publicized species of animals that form lasting. A, was written about in the.References.